1. The diagram represents the structure of a section - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 1 - 2023
Question 1
1. The diagram represents the structure of a section.
(a) (i) Name the repeating units that make up DNA.
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(ii) Name the parts of ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:1. The diagram represents the structure of a section - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 1 - 2023
Step 1
Name the repeating units that make up DNA.
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Answer
The repeating units that make up DNA are called nucleotides.
Step 2
Name the parts of these units, joined by strong bonds, that make up the backbone of DNA.
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Answer
The parts that form the backbone of DNA are sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate.
Step 3
Identify one letter from the diagram that labels the 3' end of a DNA strand.
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Answer
The letter that labels the 3' end of a DNA strand is Y.
Step 4
Name this stage.
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Answer
This stage is called Transcription.
Step 5
Describe how alternative RNA splicing can produce different proteins from one gene.
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Answer
Alternative RNA splicing allows for different combinations of exons to be retained or removed from the primary transcript. This means that a single gene can lead to the production of multiple mRNA variants, each encoding distinct proteins.
Step 6
Describe the function of tRNA in protein synthesis.
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tRNA (transfer RNA) serves a crucial role in protein synthesis by carrying specific amino acids to the ribosome, where proteins are assembled. Each tRNA features an anticodon that is complementary to the corresponding codon in the mRNA, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain.
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