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The diagram shows muscle damage in the heart of an individual who has had a heart attack - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 8 - 2023
Question 8
The diagram shows muscle damage in the heart of an individual who has had a heart attack. (a) (i) Name blood vessel X. (ii) Explain how the formation of a thrombu... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The diagram shows muscle damage in the heart of an individual who has had a heart attack - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 8 - 2023
Step 2
Explain how the formation of a thrombus in blood vessel X results in heart muscle damage.
Answer
When a thrombus forms in the coronary artery, it obstructs the flow of blood to the heart muscle. This blockage deprives the muscle cells of oxygen and glucose, leading to tissue damage and potentially causing a heart attack.
Step 3
Suggest why statins are prescribed to individuals to reduce the risk of a heart attack.
Answer
Statins are prescribed because they reduce blood cholesterol levels. By lowering cholesterol, statins help prevent the formation of plaques in the arteries, which can ultimately lower the risk of atherosclerosis and reduce the chances of clots or embolisms that might lead to a heart attack.
Step 5
Calculate the mass of an individual who is 1.8 m tall with a BMI of 35.8.
Answer
To calculate the mass, use the formula:
Let the mass be denoted as and the height as m, we rearrange the formula:
m = BMI \times height^2 = 35.8 \times (1.8)^2 = 35.8 \times 3.24 \\ = 115.992 ext{ kg}$$ Rounding the value gives: Mass ≈ 116 kg.