The diagram below represents the structure of the heart and its associated blood vessels - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 5 - 2016
Question 5
The diagram below represents the structure of the heart and its associated blood vessels.
(a) On the diagram, label the pulmonary artery with the letter P.
(b) Som... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The diagram below represents the structure of the heart and its associated blood vessels - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 5 - 2016
Step 1
On the diagram, label the pulmonary artery with the letter P.
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Answer
Label the pulmonary artery with the letter 'P' anywhere on the artery, preferably above the semilunar valve.
Step 2
Explain how the presence of this hole would affect the oxygen concentration of the blood leaving the heart through the aorta.
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Answer
The presence of a ventricular septal defect (VSD) results in blood mixing between the left and right ventricles. As deoxygenated blood enters the left ventricle, the blood leaving the heart through the aorta would consequently have a lower concentration of oxygen compared to normal, since it is diluted with deoxygenated blood.
Step 3
Name the chamber of the heart in which this electrical activity originates.
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Answer
Right atrium.
Step 4
Name the type of graph that displays such patterns of electrical activity.
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Answer
Electrocardiogram/ECG.
Step 5
Suggest how babies with a VSD are able to achieve a similar cardiac output to babies with a normal heart structure.
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Answer
Babies with a VSD may have a higher heart rate or pulse rate, compensating for their lower stroke volume, allowing them to achieve a similar cardiac output to those with a normal heart structure.
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