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The graph below shows the number of stroke patients in different groups from Scotland and England in 2007 - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 6 - 2016
Question 6
The graph below shows the number of stroke patients in different groups from Scotland and England in 2007. (a) (i) Calculate the difference in the number of mal... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The graph below shows the number of stroke patients in different groups from Scotland and England in 2007 - Scottish Highers Human Biology - Question 6 - 2016
Step 1
(i) Calculate the difference in the number of male stroke patients of all ages in Scotland and England in 2007.
Answer
To calculate the difference in male stroke patients, we first need the specific numbers from the graph for Scotland and England. Assuming the data shows:
- Male stroke patients in Scotland: 200 per 100,000
- Male stroke patients in England: 172 per 100,000
The difference is calculated as follows:
Thus, the difference in the number of male stroke patients of all ages is 28 per 100,000.
Step 2
(ii) Explain the importance of presenting the data as the number of stroke patients per 100,000.
Answer
Presenting data as the number of stroke patients per 100,000 is significant for several reasons:
- Comparison Across Different Populations: It allows for a standard measure that enables comparisons between groups of different sizes, facilitating better understanding of the prevalence in various demographics.
- Clarity in Public Health Analysis: By normalizing the data, it helps in interpreting trends and differences more effectively, making it easier for public health officials to identify areas needing attention.
Step 3
(iii) Calculate the number of female stroke patients in Scotland under 75 years of age in this year.
Answer
Given that Scotland's population is 5.1 million and using the data from the graph:
- Female stroke patients under 75 in Scotland: 80 per 100,000.
To find the total number of female stroke patients under 75:
- First, calculate the number of female stroke patients per 100,000:
ext{Number of patients} = rac{5.1 ext{ million}}{100,000} imes 80
Therefore, the number of female stroke patients under 75 years of age in Scotland is approximately 4080.
Step 4
(iv) Express, as a simple whole number ratio, the number of male stroke patients under 75 years of age compared to female stroke patients under 75 years of age in England in 2007.
Answer
Assuming from the graph:
- Male stroke patients under 75 in England: 120 per 100,000
- Female stroke patients under 75 in England: 40 per 100,000
The ratio of male to female stroke patients is expressed as:
ext{Ratio} = rac{120}{40} = 3:1
Thus, the ratio of male stroke patients to female stroke patients under 75 years of age in England is 3:1.
Step 5
(b) Describe what causes a stroke.
Answer
A stroke is caused by a disruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to brain cell death. This can occur due to:
- Blockage or Clot: An obstruction in an artery, often resulting from a clot, impedes blood flow to brain tissues.
- Hemorrhage: A rupture of blood vessels can lead to bleeding in or around the brain, causing damage.
Step 6
(c) Explain how a stroke could lead to muscle paralysis on the left side of the body.
Answer
A stroke affects muscle control because it disrupts signals between the brain and muscles. When a stroke occurs on the right side of the brain, it affects the left side of the body because:
- Damage to Brain Areas: The right hemisphere controls movement and other functions for the left side. Damage here can result in a loss of voluntary muscle control on that side.
- Impaired Signaling: Signals from the brain to the muscles may not be transmitted correctly, preventing movement and resulting in paralysis, especially on the left side of the body.