Part C: World powers With reference to a world power you have studied a) to what extent are there opportunities for citizens to successfully influence government decision-making? - Scottish Highers Modern Studies - Question 3 - 2022

Citizens in China have limited but notable opportunities to influence government decision-making through various channels.

1. Political Participation: Although China is a one-party state led by the Communist Party of China (CPC), citizens can still participate politically at local levels. This includes voting in village elections where candidates are often independent. While this form of participation is limited, it nonetheless provides a platform for community members to voice their concerns and hold local leaders accountable.

2. Public Consultations: The Chinese government occasionally conducts public consultations on policy matters. Citizens can express their opinions on proposed laws and reforms through official channels or community meetings, allowing them to influence decision-making processes.

3. Civil Society and NGOs: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society groups play a crucial role in advocating for citizens' interests. These organizations can help to amplify voices of the public, pushing for policy changes on issues like environmental protection and human rights, despite operating under strict government regulations.

4. Use of Technology: The rise of social media and online platforms has given citizens new avenues to express their opinions and mobilize for causes. Activism can be seen through social media campaigns, although they are often monitored by the government.

5. Protests and Public Demonstrations: Citizens have occasionally engaged in protests to express dissatisfaction with government policies. While such demonstrations can be met with a strong governmental response, they serve as a means for citizens to demand change and draw attention to issues.

In conclusion, while opportunities for citizens to influence government decision-making in China are constrained by the political structure, there are still avenues through which they can make their voices heard.