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A circuit is set up as shown - Scottish Highers Physics - Question 21 - 2022

Question 21

A circuit is set up as shown. The resistance of the variable resistor is set to 6.0 Ω. The lost volts due to the internal resistance of the battery is: A. 1.2 V B.... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:A circuit is set up as shown - Scottish Highers Physics - Question 21 - 2022

Step 1

Calculate Total Resistance

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Answer

The total resistance in the circuit can be calculated by adding the fixed resistor and the variable resistor, which gives:

$R_{total} = R_{fixed} + R_{variable} = 4.0 \, ext{Ω} + 6.0 \, ext{Ω} = 10.0 \, ext{Ω}$

Step 2

Calculate Total Current

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Answer

Using Ohm's Law (V = IR), we can find the total current in the circuit:

$I = \frac{V}{R} = \frac{12 \, V}{10.0 \, Ω} = 1.2 \, A$

Step 3

Calculate Lost Volts

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Answer

To find the lost volts due to the internal resistance of the battery, we can use the formula:

$V_{lost} = I \times R_{internal}$

Given that the internal resistance is represented by the variable resistor, we assume that it is the same as the variable resistor:

$V_{lost} = 1.2 \, A \times 6.0 \, Ω = 7.2 \, V$

Step 4

Answer Selection

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Answer

From the calculations, we find that the lost volts are 7.2 V. Thus, the correct answer is option D: 7.2 V.

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