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Analyse explanations of forgetting. - Scottish Highers Psychology - Question (c) - 2019
Question (c)
Analyse explanations of forgetting.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Analyse explanations of forgetting. - Scottish Highers Psychology - Question (c) - 2019
Step 1
Trace Decay Theory
Answer
Trace decay theory, proposed by Ebbinghaus, suggests that memories fade over time if not accessed. This can be observed through serial position effects, where items at the beginning and end of a list are remembered better than those in the middle. Research supporting this theory indicates that failure to retrieve memories leads to their gradual loss.
Step 2
Interference Theory
Answer
Interference theory posits that memories can compete with each other, causing difficulties in retrieval. This can be either proactive interference, where older memories hinder the recall of newer ones, or retroactive interference, where new memories disrupt the retrieval of older ones. Studies by McGeoch and McDonald found that similar items led to greater interference, demonstrating the impact of related information on forgetting.
Step 3
Psychological Factors
Answer
From a psychological perspective, forgetting can be seen as a response to emotional burdens or a defense mechanism. For instance, Freud's repression involves unconsciously blocking distressing memories to cope with trauma. This analysis suggests that not all forgetting is merely a result of decay; some memories may be intentionally forgotten to preserve mental health.
Step 4
Conclusion
Answer
In conclusion, explanations of forgetting encompass several theories that highlight the complexities of memory retrieval. Both trace decay and interference theories provide valuable insights into how and why forgetting occurs, while psychological explanations add depth to our understanding of the role of emotional factors. Continuous research in these areas remains essential to further clarify the mechanisms behind forgetting.