Explain the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). - Scottish Highers Psychology - Question b - 2019

The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is a three-stage process that describes how the body responds to stress.

1. Alarm Stage

In this initial phase, the body's immediate response to a stressor is activated. The alarm stage includes the release of stress hormones like adrenaline, which increases heart rate and blood pressure to prepare the body to either "fight or flee". This stage is primarily governed by the sympathetic nervous system.

2. Resistance Stage

If the stressor persists, the body enters the resistance stage, where it attempts to adapt to the ongoing stress. The body continues to engage resources, but it is also trying to restore homeostasis. During this phase, physiological responses like increased immunity may occur, though they are not as robust as during the alarm stage.

3. Exhaustion Stage

Finally, if the stress continues without relief, the exhaustion stage is reached. At this point, the body's resources become depleted, leading to stress-related disorders. This can manifest as physical and emotional fatigue and can severely impact a person's health.

In summary, the General Adaptation Syndrome outlines how stress affects the body through a series of stages, highlighting both the initial response to stress and the potential consequences of prolonged exposure.