2.2.4 Resolution & Magnification

Magnification:

• Definition: Magnification refers to how many times larger an image appears compared to the actual size of the object.
• Formula: Magnification = Size of Image ÷ Size of Real Object
  • Ensure all measurements are in the same unit (e.g., mm or μm) before calculating.
• Example: If an image is 20 mm and the real object is 2 mm:

$$Magnification = 20 ÷ 2 = x10.$$

Resolution:

• Definition: Resolution is the minimum distance at which two objects can be distinguished as separate entities.
  • Higher resolution means a clearer image with more detail.
• Limitations:
  • Light microscope: Maximum resolution is 200 nm due to the wavelength of light.
  • Electron microscope: Can resolve objects as close as 0.1 nm, providing far greater detail.

Key Differences:

1. Magnification enlarges the image but does not necessarily improve clarity.
2. Resolution determines how sharp and detailed the image appears.

Factors Affecting Resolution:

1. Type of microscope:

• Light microscopes have limited resolution.
• Electron microscopes (e.g., TEM, SEM) provide higher resolution.

2. Wavelength of light or electrons:

• Shorter wavelengths give better resolution.

3. Quality of lenses and equipment.