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Prokaryotic DNA Simplified Revision Notes for A-Level AQA Biology
Revision notes with simplified explanations to understand Prokaryotic DNA quickly and effectively.
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4.1.1 Prokaryotic DNA
Prokaryotic DNA
Prokaryotic DNA has distinct features compared to eukaryotic DNA:
- It is short and arranged in a circular structure.
- No association with histone proteins, meaning it is not organised into chromosomes.
- The DNA is naked, existing freely in the cytoplasm within a region called the nucleoid.
- Often contains additional small, circular DNA molecules known as plasmids, which carry non-essential genes like those for antibiotic resistance.
Key Terms:
- Prokaryotic DNA: DNA in prokaryotic cells, distinct for being short, circular, and free from histone association.
- Plasmid: A small, extra-chromosomal DNA molecule in prokaryotes, often carrying beneficial genes.
Exam Tip:
Be able to contrast prokaryotic DNA with eukaryotic DNA, highlighting differences such as shape, protein association, and organisation.
Summary:
Prokaryotic DNA is short, circular, and not bound to histones, with additional plasmids often present for auxiliary functions. It is located in the cytoplasm rather than enclosed in a nucleus.
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