8.3.4 Sequencing Methods

Applications of Genome Sequencing

1. Simpler Organisms:

• In simpler organisms (e.g., bacteria), genome sequencing helps determine the sequences of proteins derived from their genetic code.
• This is useful for identifying potential antigens for use in vaccine production.

2. Complex Organisms:

• In more complex organisms, the presence of non-coding DNA and regulatory genes means that understanding the genome cannot directly predict the proteome.
• The proteome refers to all the proteins a genome can code for. However, not all proteins are produced in every cell due to selective gene expression.

Benefits of Sequencing

1. Genome-Wide Comparisons:

• Between Species:
• Identifies evolutionary relationships and how species have diverged.
• Between Individuals:
• Detects genetic differences that can guide the development of personalised medicine and improve the understanding of human diseases.

2. Predicting Protein Structure:

• Enables scientists to predict the amino acid sequences of polypeptides, aiding in the study of protein function.

3. Synthetic Biology:

• Facilitates the design and synthesis of novel biological systems and molecules using gene sequences.