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Calculating Binomial Probabilities Simplified Revision Notes

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4.2.2 Calculating Binomial Probabilities

Cumulative Binomial Probabilities

Cumulative means "running total," so "cumulative probability" means running total of probability, or P(Xn)P(X \leq n).


infoNote

Example:

XB(20,0.3)X \sim B(20, 0.3)P(X10)=:highlight[0.9829]P(X \leq 10) = :highlight[0.9829]

Calculator Steps:

  1. Binomial CD
  2. Enter values: X=10,N=20,p=0.3X = 10, N = 20, p = 0.3
  3. Result: P=:highlight[0.9828551835]P = :highlight[0.9828551835]
infoNote

Example: The random variable XB(20,0.35)X \sim B(20, 0.35).

Questions:

Find: a) P(X10)P(X \leq 10) b) P(X>6)P(X > 6) c) P(X=5)P(X=5)

d) P(2X7)P(2 \leq X \leq 7)


a) P(X10)=:highlight[0.9468333856]P(X \leq 10) = :highlight[0.9468333856]


b) P(X>6)=1P(X6)P(X > 6) = 1 - P(X \leq 6)

  • Do want 7,8,9,...7, 8, 9, ...
  • Don't want 6,5,4,...6, 5, 4, ...
  • P(X>6)=:highlight[0.5833745818]P(X > 6) = :highlight[0.5833745818]

Key Point: If given any inequality that is not \leq, we must find a calculation with the same answer that does involve \leq.

c) P(2X7)P(2 \leq X \leq 7)

Calculator Steps:

  1. Binomial PD
  2. Enter values: X=5,N=20,p=0.35X = 5, N = 20, p = 0.35
  3. Result: P=:highlight[0.1271991857]P = :highlight[0.1271991857]

d)  P(2X7)\ P(2 \leq X \leq 7)

Calculator Steps:

  1. Binomial CD
  2. List: Variable
  3. Enter values: N=20,p=0.35N = 20, p = 0.35
  4. Result for P(X7)::highlight[0.6010266036]P(X \leq 7): :highlight[0.6010266036]
  5. Result for P(X1)::highlight[2.1331×103]P(X \leq 1): :highlight[2.1331 × 10^{-3}]

To find P(2X7)P(2 \leq X \leq 7):

P(2X7)=P(X7)P(X1)P(2 \leq X \leq 7) = P(X \leq 7) - P(X \leq 1)=:highlight[0.60103]:highlight[2.1331×103]= :highlight[0.60103] - :highlight[2.1331 \times 10^{-3}]=:highlight[0.5989]= :highlight[0.5989]
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