Case Study → Pros and cons of techno-fix hard engineering, Water transfers in China Simplified Revision Notes for A-Level Edexcel Geography

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Case Study → Pros and cons of techno-fix hard engineering, Water transfers in China

Context

● The South of China is rich in water resources whereas the North isn't
○ Beijing region has 35% of China's population, and 40% of arable land, but
only 7% of its water
● In order to redistribute these resources and to even out the availability of water
↳ A gigantic South-North water diversion project began in 2003
● Expected to take 50 yrs to complete & will cost approx US$100 bn
● Project involves building 3 canals that run 1300 km across the eastern, middle and
western parts of China
○ Will link the country's four major rivers: The Yangtze, Yellow, Huai and Han

Benefits

● It will transfer a total of 44.8 bn cubic metres of water per yr
● Central government will provide 60% of the cost of the scheme, with the rest coming
from local authorities, which, in turn, will charge domestic and industrial users
● Water conservation, improved irrigation, pollution treatment and environmental
protection are included in the plans
● Will reduce the abstraction of groundwater

Concerns

● Critics are concerned about the uncertainties and risks associated with the project
● These include the likelihood of significant ecological and environmental impacts
along the waterway
● The Yangtze River is already severely polluted, and water of the Yellow Rivers is
undrinkable
○ Some fear ecological disaster
● It will submerge 370km² of land
● 345,000 will have to relocate
● The Eastern route is industrial and risks further pollution

The South-North Water Transfer Project in China

                                     The South-North Water Transfer Project in China*

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Topic 5: The Water Cycle & Water Insecurity

The Global Hydrological Cycle is of Enormous Importance to Life on Earth