Case Study → Water Budget and Availability Influenced by Climate Type: Tropical, Temperate or Polar Examples Simplified Revision Notes for A-Level Edexcel Geography

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Case Study → Water Budget and Availability Influenced by Climate Type: Tropical, Temperate or Polar Examples

Tropical Climate -
Brazil (Amazon)

● Winter: November to January
○ Recharge occurs during this time as precipitation is higher than
evapotranspiration
○ Highest rainfall month: February
○ The soil moisture surplus lasts till May
● Evapotranspiration levels remain similar all year (100-150mm)
○ This is because the average temp remains around 25°C year round
● Rainfall lower May to November
○ Higher evapotranspiration than precipitation so there is a soil moisture
deficit by October

Temperate
Climate -
Southern UK

● Precipitation relatively constant throughout the year (50mm/month)
○ Tends to decrease slightly between May and August (Summer)
● Evapotranspiration exhibits large variations
○ July = 70mm
○ December = 5mm
● Soil moisture deficit tends to occur in July and August as plants have used up the
winter surplus

Polar Climate -
North Canada

● Precipitation remains low year round
○ July & August is maximum (24mm)
● Evapotranspiration tends to occur only between May and September due to a slight
rise in temperatures
○ Peak is July = 126mm
● Soil moisture recharge primarily occurs between September and May • mainly due to
snowmelt
○ Surplus at the start of summer but a deficit tends to be reached by August

                                                                      Earth Temperature Zone*

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Topic 5: The Water Cycle & Water Insecurity

The Global Hydrological Cycle is of Enormous Importance to Life on Earth