Case Study → Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer Simplified Revision Notes for A-Level Edexcel Geography

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Learn about Topic 8: Migration, Identity & Sovereignty for your A-Level Geography Exam. This Revision Note includes a summary of Topic 8: Migration, Identity & Sovereignty for easy recall in your Geography exam

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Case Study → Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

Context

● 1973 • scientists discovered that CFCs were thinning the ozone layer ∴ increasing
people's exposure to harmful UV radiation from the sun
● The Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer was negotiated by
the UN over 14 yrs and came into force in 1989
● In 1977 'World Plan of Action on the Ozone Layer' gave the UNEP responsibility for
promoting and co-ordinating international research and data-gathering activities
The Montreal Protocol is an example of successful IG management of a global environmental problem.

The Protocol

● Phased out the production of CFCs
● It was approved by 197 countries
○ Within a decade, irrefutable proof that CFCs were to blame led to all UN
states signing the treaty • allowed CFCs to be phased out rapidly due to the level of international cooperation

Projections

● Expected that the ozone layer will be fully recovered by 2070

                                                                           Montreal Protocol*

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Topic 8: Migration, Identity & Sovereignty

Globalisation has led to an increase in migration both within countries and among them