11.1.1 The role and composition of the Supreme Court.

Role of the UK Supreme Court

Final Court of Appeal:

Interpretation of the Law:

• One of the key roles of the UK Supreme Court is to interpret and clarify the law. Its judgments help to ensure that the law is applied consistently across the country. The Court provides authoritative interpretations of statutes and common law, which lower courts are then bound to follow.

Judicial Review:

• The UK Supreme Court plays a crucial role in judicial review, where it examines the actions of public bodies to ensure they comply with the law. This includes reviewing the legality of decisions made by the government, ensuring that these decisions do not exceed the powers granted by Parliament (ultra vires).

Protection of Rights:

• The Supreme Court has an important role in protecting human rights, particularly through its interpretation and application of the Human Rights Act 1998. It ensures that laws and government actions comply with the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR).

Constitutional Role:

• While the UK does not have a codified constitution, the Supreme Court plays a critical role in interpreting constitutional principles. It has the power to rule on matters relating to the devolution settlements in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, and can also determine the limits of parliamentary sovereignty and the rule of law.

Precedent Setting:

• The decisions made by the UK Supreme Court set precedents that lower courts must follow. This ensures consistency and stability in the application of the law, contributing to the development of the legal system over time.

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Composition of the UK Supreme Court

Number of Justices:

Appointment Process:

• Justices of the Supreme Court are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister, who receives recommendations from a special independent selection commission. The selection process is merit-based, and candidates must have extensive legal experience, either as senior judges or as highly qualified legal professionals.

Diversity and Representation:

• The composition of the UK Supreme Court has been criticized for its lack of diversity, with concerns about representation in terms of gender, ethnicity, and socio-economic background. Efforts have been made to increase diversity, but the Court still largely consists of individuals with similar educational and professional backgrounds, typically from elite institutions.

Independence:

• The UK Supreme Court operates independently of the executive and legislative branches of government. Justices have security of tenure, meaning they cannot be removed from office except in very specific circumstances, such as proven misconduct. This independence is crucial for maintaining the integrity and impartiality of the judiciary.

Roles of Justices:

President and Deputy President:

• The President of the UK Supreme Court is responsible for representing the Court and ensuring its effective operation. The Deputy President assists in these duties and may step in when the President is unavailable. Both roles involve leadership within the Court and a significant influence on its functioning.

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"Evaluate the view that the Supreme Court is effective at checking the power of the government"

EVALUATION 1:

EVALUATION 2:

EVALUATION 3: