All living organisms are made up of cells. Cells can be classified into two main types: Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells.

Key features:

• Nucleus: Contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) enclosed within a nuclear membrane.
• Cell membrane: Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
• Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance where most chemical reactions happen.
• Mitochondria: Where aerobic respiration occurs, providing energy for the cell.
• Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis.
• Chloroplasts (in plant cells): Site of photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll.
• Cell wall (in plant cells): Made of cellulose, strengthens the cell.

Key features:

• No true nucleus: Genetic material (DNA) is not enclosed within a membrane; instead, it is a single loop of DNA found in the cytoplasm.
• Plasmids: Small rings of DNA that can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA.
• Cell membrane: Similar function to eukaryotes, controlling the movement of substances.
• Cytoplasm: Contains ribosomes, but they are smaller than those in eukaryotes.
• Cell wall: Provides structure and protection, but it is not made of cellulose.
• Flagella (in some bacteria): Tail-like structures that help the cell move.

Importance of Understanding:

• The classification helps in understanding the complexity and functionality of different organisms.
• Knowledge of these differences is essential for studies in genetics, microbiology, and cell biology.