The Structure of the Atom Simplified Revision Notes for GCSE AQA Chemistry

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1.1.7 The Structure of the Atom

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Atoms: Each atom has negatively charged electrons orbiting a positively charged nucleus.

Atoms contain a nucleus and orbits (shells).

The Nucleus:

Contains protons and neutrons.
P****rotons are p****ositively (+) charged.
Neut****rons are neut****rally (0) charged (no charge).
Therefore, the nucleus has an overall positive charge.

The Orbits (Shells):

Contain electrons.
Electrons are negatively (-) charged.
Electrons move around the nucleus in their orbits (shells).
Although electrons are tiny, they cover a large area in their orbits.

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Atoms have no overall charge because the number of electrons equals the number of protons.

PARTICLE	LOCATION	RELATIVE MASS	CHARGE
Proton	Nucleus	1	+1
Neutron	Nucleus	1	0
Electron	Orbit	0.0005	-1

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If an atom gains or loses an electron it becomes an ion. Gaining an electron —> Negative ion Losing an electron —> Positive ion

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