Required Practical: Determining Density Simplified Revision Notes for GCSE AQA Physics Combined Science

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3.1.3 Required Practical: Determining Density

Density

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The density of a material tells us the mass for a given volume.

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Formula:

\rho = \frac{m}{V}

$\rho$ = density (kg/m³)
$m$ = mass (kg)
$V$ = volume (m³)

Density by States of Matter:

Solids: very high density
Liquids: high density
Gases: low density

lightbulbExample

Example: Polystyrene

Polystyrene is a solid with low density.
It has a very open structure and is full of air spaces.
This results in a small mass for its volume.

Required Practical

Regular Objects:

Mass: Use a balance.
Volume: Use a ruler to measure dimensions.

Irregular Objects:

Mass: Use a balance.
Volume: Fill a Eureka can with water. Place the object in the water.
The water will be displaced and flow out of the can through the spout.
The volume of water displaced is equal to the volume of the object.

Table of Methods for Measuring Density (Required Practical)

Type of Object	Method for Mass	Method for Volume
Regular Objects	Balance	Ruler to measure dimensions
Irregular Objects	Balance	Eureka can (volume of water displaced = volume of object)

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Processes:

Melting: Solid to Liquid
Freezing: Liquid to Solid
Boiling: Liquid to Gas
Condensation: Gas to Liquid
Sublimation: Solid to Gas
Deposition: Gas to Solid

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