Micro-organisms

Introduction

• Micro-organisms encompass a diverse group of organisms from three domains of life: archaea, bacteria, and certain eukaryotes.
• They exhibit remarkable metabolic versatility, allowing them to thrive in a wide range of ecological niches.

Benefits of Micro-organisms

• Micro-organisms have several characteristics that make them invaluable to humans in research and industry.
• Their adaptability, ease of cultivation, rapid growth rates, and diverse metabolic capabilities make them indispensable.

Metabolism and Survival

• Micro-organisms require a source of energy and simple chemical compounds for growth.
• These compounds are used for biosynthesis, the process of creating complex molecules necessary for life.
• Energy sources can include light (photosynthesis) or chemical substrates.

Role of Fermenters

• Fermenters are specialised apparatus used to maintain optimal conditions for the growth of micro-organisms.
• They facilitate the controlled cultivation of these organisms for various purposes.

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Micro-organisms

Complex Molecule Synthesis

• While some micro-organisms can synthesise all complex molecules needed for biosynthesis (e.g., amino acids, vitamins, and fatty acids), others require these molecules to be artificially added to their growth medium.

Applications

• Micro-organisms are employed in various industries to produce a wide range of products through their metabolic pathways.
• These products benefit human health, agriculture, and biotechnology, highlighting the significance of micro-organisms in our daily lives.