Gene Transfer

Introduction

• Gene transfer refers to the movement of genetic material from one organism to another.
• It plays a crucial role in genetic diversity and evolution.

Types of Gene Transfer

1. Vertical Gene Transfer

• Vertical gene transfer occurs when genes are passed from one generation to the next, either through sexual reproduction (offspring inherit genes from parents) or asexual reproduction (clones inherit genes from the parent).
• It is the primary mode of gene transfer in most eukaryotic organisms, including animals and plants.
• Vertical gene transfer leads to the inheritance of genetic traits from ancestors.

2. Horizontal Gene Transfer

• Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) involves the transfer of genes between individuals in the same generation.
• It does not occur as a result of reproduction but rather through mechanisms like direct contact, exchange of genetic material, or other means.
• Horizontal gene transfer is prevalent in prokaryotic organisms, such as bacteria.

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Gene Transfer

Horizontal Gene Transfer in Prokaryotes

• Prokaryotes, like bacteria, can exchange genetic information through horizontal gene transfer.
• This mechanism allows for rapid sharing of genetic material among bacterial populations.
• It can result in faster evolutionary changes compared to vertical gene transfer.
• Examples of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria include the exchange of plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes.
• Antibiotic resistance genes can spread rapidly through bacterial populations via horizontal gene transfer.