Recombinant DNA

Introduction

• Recombinant DNA refers to the combination of DNA from different sources to create a new DNA sequence.

DNA Fragment Insertion

• Recombinant DNA involves inserting a DNA fragment from one source into another DNA molecule.
• This can be done using enzymes and vectors like plasmids or artificial chromosomes.

Restriction Endonucleases

• Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences.
• These cuts result in fragments with sticky ends, which can be joined with complementary ends.

Ligase

• Ligase is an enzyme used to join DNA fragments together.
• It seals the DNA fragments by connecting their sticky ends.

Artificial Chromosomes

• For larger DNA fragments, artificial chromosomes are used as vectors.
• Marker genes ensure successful insertion into the vector.

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Recombinant DNA

Components of Recombinant DNA

• Recombinant DNA contains fragments from different sources, combined using restriction endonucleases and ligase.
• Artificial chromosomes may be used for larger DNA fragments.
• Marker genes help confirm successful insertion.

Safety Measures

• Some recombinant DNA constructs include genes to prevent micro-organisms from spreading into the environment.
• This ensures safety and prevents uncontrolled outbreaks.

Summary

• Recombinant DNA is formed by combining DNA from different sources.
• Enzymes like restriction endonucleases and ligase are used in this process.
• Vectors like plasmids or artificial chromosomes carry the new DNA.
• Marker genes confirm successful insertion.
• Safety measures prevent uncontrolled micro-organism outbreaks.