Heterogeneous Catalysts

Heterogeneous Catalysts

Definition:

• Heterogeneous catalysts are substances that speed up chemical reactions by providing a surface for reactant molecules to interact, even though they are in different phases (e.g., solid and gas or liquid).

Surface Interaction:

• Heterogeneous catalysts have a surface where reactant molecules can attach and react.
• They facilitate reactions by allowing reactants to come into contact with each other on the catalyst's surface.

Examples:

• Platinum in Catalytic Converters: In-car exhaust systems, solid platinum serves as a heterogeneous catalyst, converting harmful gases like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides into less harmful substances.
• Iron in Ammonia Synthesis: Iron is used as a solid catalyst in the Haber Process to produce ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases.

Phases of Reactants and Catalyst:

• In heterogeneous catalysis, the reactants and catalyst are in different phases (e.g., gas or liquid reactants interacting with a solid catalyst).
• The reactants typically come into contact with the solid catalyst's surface.

Significance:

• Heterogeneous catalysts are widely used in industry because they allow for efficient control of chemical reactions and enable processes that might be otherwise slow or impractical.

Summary:

• Heterogeneous catalysts are substances that enhance chemical reactions by providing a surface for reactant molecules to interact, even when they are in different phases. Examples include platinum in catalytic converters and iron in ammonia synthesis, making them essential in various industrial applications.