Isomers

Introduction:

• Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements, resulting in different chemical properties.

Types of Isomerism:

Structural Isomerism:

• Also known as constitutional isomerism.
• Isomers have different connectivity of atoms in their molecules.
• Examples include chain isomerism, functional group isomerism, and ring-chain isomerism.

Stereoisomerism:

• Isomers have the same connectivity of atoms but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms or groups.
• Examples include geometric (cis-trans) isomerism and optical isomerism.

Isomerism in Ketones:

• Ketones with four or more carbon atoms can display structural isomerism because the carbonyl (C=O) group may appear between different carbon atoms.

Naming Isomers:

• Isomers are named by adding a prefix to the molecule's name, indicating the specific structural arrangement.
• For example, "pentan-3-one" and "pentan-2-one" are isomers of ketones with five carbon atoms, where the carbonyl group is located at different positions.

Importance:

• Isomerism is a fundamental concept in chemistry as it explains the diversity of organic compounds with the same molecular formula.

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Isomers

Key Points:

• Isomers have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.
• Ketones with four or more carbon atoms can exhibit isomerism.
• Isomers are named based on their specific structural differences.