Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

Definition:

• The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is an equatorial belt of low pressure where trade winds from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres converge.

Key Characteristics:

Location:

• The ITCZ is situated near the equator, typically between 5° North and 5° South latitude.
• Its position shifts slightly with the changing seasons.

Convergence of Trade Winds:

• The ITCZ is formed where the northeast and southeast trade winds meet.
• These trade winds converge due to the Earth's rotation and the Coriolis effect.

Weather Patterns:

• The ITCZ is associated with rising warm, moist air, leading to frequent rainfall and thunderstorms.
• It is often cloudy and humid, with a high chance of precipitation.

Seasonal Movement:

• The ITCZ moves northward during the Northern Hemisphere's summer and southward during the Southern Hemisphere's summer.
• This seasonal movement affects the monsoon seasons in some regions.

Impact of the ITCZ:

Rainfall Distribution:

• The ITCZ is a significant factor in the distribution of rainfall in equatorial regions.
• It causes wet and dry seasons as it shifts back and forth.

Tropical Cyclones:

• The convergence of warm, moist air in the ITCZ can contribute to the formation of tropical cyclones (hurricanes/typhoons).

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Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

Agriculture and Ecosystems:

• The ITCZ influences the growth of tropical forests and supports agriculture in some regions by providing regular rainfall.

Summary

• The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is an equatorial belt of low pressure where trade winds from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres converge.
• It is characterised by frequent rainfall, thunderstorms, and seasonal movement.
• The ITCZ plays a vital role in rainfall distribution, the formation of tropical cyclones, and the ecosystems of equatorial regions.