Malaria: Physical & Human Factors

Introduction

• Malaria is a complex disease influenced by a combination of physical and human factors.
• Understanding these factors is crucial for effective prevention and control.

Physical Factors:

Climate:

• Temperature: Malaria transmission occurs in areas with temperatures between 15°C and 40°C.
• Humidity: High humidity supports mosquito breeding.

Geography:

• Altitude: Malaria is prevalent up to 3000 meters above sea level.
• Stagnant Water: Marshes, lakes, and river pools provide breeding grounds for mosquitoes.

Weather Patterns:

• Rainfall: Adequate rainfall creates breeding sites for mosquitoes.

Human Factors:

Population Density:

• Urban vs. Rural: Higher population density in urban areas can lead to increased malaria transmission.
• Proximity to Water: People living near stagnant water bodies are at higher risk.

Human Mobility:

• Travel: The movement of infected individuals can introduce malaria to new areas or reintroduce it to cleared regions.
• Migration: Population migration can contribute to the spread of the disease.

Socioeconomic Factors:

• Poverty: Limited resources hinder preventive measures and access to healthcare.
• Housing Conditions: Inadequate housing may lack protective measures against mosquito bites.

Healthcare Access:

• Quality and Availability: Limited access to healthcare facilities affects diagnosis and treatment.

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Malaria: Physical & Human Factors

Summary

• Malaria's transmission is influenced by physical factors like climate, geography, and weather patterns. Human factors such as population density, mobility, socioeconomic conditions, and healthcare access play a crucial role. Effective malaria control strategies must consider these factors to reduce the disease's impact and prevalence.