Reasons: Growth of Nationalism in Germany

Military weakness

Introduction

Nationalism in Germany was fueled by historical events and external threats, leading to a desire for protection and unity.

The Confederation's Role

• German princes promoted nationalism during the fight against Napoleon, leaving a lasting impact.
• Germans feared future aggression from France or Russia and sought protection.

Events of 1840

• In 1840, France threatened to expand its borders to the Rhine, encroaching on German territory.
• This provoked outrage across Germany, prompting Prussia to organize a military force to defend against the threat.

Formation of the Federal Army

• The establishment of a Federal Army, comprising forces from various German states, aimed to protect the Confederation.
• Similar to the Zollverein, it demonstrated the benefits of joint organization.

Arguments for Nationalism

• Prussia's defense of the Rhine in 1840 unified Germans from diverse backgrounds, showcasing the strength of collective efforts.
• Patriotic songs celebrated the defense of the Rhine (including the current German anthem).

Arguments against Nationalism

• It took six years to agree on the creation of a Federal Army, and even then, the army faced challenges as individual states retained control over their forces.

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Military weakness

Influence of France

• France's aggressive actions, like the threat to extend its borders to the Rhine, contributed significantly to the growth of nationalism in Germany.

Conclusion

The growth of nationalism in Germany was driven by a desire for protection against external threats and historical events that showcased the benefits of unity. While challenges existed, such as the slow establishment of the Federal Army, the influence of France played a crucial role in fostering nationalist sentiments.