The Rise of Robert the Bruce

Introduction

The Scottish Wars of Independence were a tumultuous period in Scottish history, encompassing numerous battles and shifting allegiances. One of the most pivotal figures in this era was Robert the Bruce, who rose to the throne amidst chaos and eventually became a national hero. This study guide aims to provide an overview of the events leading to Bruce's rise and the challenges he faced during his early reign.

Background

After the death of William Wallace, King Edward took control of most of Scotland. The country lacked a national leader to spearhead resistance until the emergence of Robert the Bruce.

Family Background

Bruce came from a notable Scottish family that owned lands in both Scotland and England. They were also connected to previous Scottish monarchs. Bruce's grandfather was a candidate in the Great Cause, a competition to determine Scotland's next king.

Initial Role

Bruce had a complex early role in the struggle for independence. He had fought alongside Edward and was frustrated that Edward did not give his family the Scottish crown after John Balliol's abdication.

Rise to Prominence

With Wallace gone, the two leading figures were Bruce and John Comyn. They were rivals but agreed to meet in Greyfriars Church, Dumfries, to discuss Scotland's future. During the meeting, Bruce killed Comyn, jeopardizing his own prospects due to excommunication threats.

Becoming King

Bishop Wishart of Glasgow granted Bruce forgiveness and urged him to take the crown to unify Scotland. On March 25, 1306, Bruce was crowned king at Scone, despite lacking the Stone of Destiny.

Controversies

There's debate over whether Bruce intentionally killed Comyn. Bruce had also been frustrated with King Edward for giving more power in Scotland to Comyn's allies.

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Rise of Robert the Bruce

Early Challenges

Bruce faced two primary challenges:

• Edward, who was angered by Bruce's actions.
• Supporters of John Comyn.

He started his reign by seizing Cupar Castle in Fife and forcing Comyn's supporters to pledge allegiance to him.

Military Setbacks

Edward appointed Aymer de Valance to counter Bruce. Valance attacked Bruce's camp in Methven, causing significant losses. Bruce and a few survivors retreated but were attacked again by forces led by MacDougal, a relative of Comyn. Bruce became army-less, and many of his family and supporters were captured or killed.

Unknown Period

Bruce's whereabouts in late 1306 and early 1307 are not well-documented. Some believe he went to Ireland or an island off Scotland. He was mockingly named King Hob by the English.

Legendary Inspiration

A legendary tale states that Bruce, while hiding, saw a spider building its web despite repeated failures. This inspired him to continue fighting.

Conclusion

Robert the Bruce was a complicated figure who emerged as a leader at a critical juncture in Scottish history. His reign was fraught with challenges, from internal dissent to external threats. Despite these obstacles, Bruce persevered, drawing inspiration from both his supporters and, according to legend, the natural world. His journey from a contender to a king struggling for his nation's freedom epitomizes the indomitable spirit of Scotland during the Wars of Independence.