Neurotransmitter Effects on Mood & Behaviour

Introduction

Neurotransmitters are crucial molecules in the nervous system that play a significant role in regulating mood and behaviour. They transmit signals between neurons, influencing various physiological processes and emotional states. In this section, we will explore the effects of neurotransmitters on mood and behaviour, with a focus on endorphins and dopamine.

Neurotransmitter Effects on Mood and Behaviour

1. Endorphins

• Endorphins are a type of neurotransmitter that serves as a natural painkiller in the body.
• They are produced in response to various stimuli and play a role in mood regulation and behaviour.

2. Functions of Endorphins

• Pain Reduction: Endorphins stimulate neurons that help reduce the perception of pain. This is particularly important in situations involving injury or stress.
• Pleasure and Reward: Endorphin release is associated with pleasurable sensations. Activities such as eating, engaging in sexual activity, and prolonged exercise can trigger the release of endorphins, leading to feelings of pleasure and reward.

3. Factors Triggering Endorphin Production:

• Severe Injury: Endorphin production increases in response to severe injuries, providing natural pain relief and reducing the perception of pain during trauma.
• Exercise: Prolonged and continuous exercise can stimulate the release of endorphins, contributing to the "runner's high" experienced by some athletes.
• Stress: Endorphins may be released in response to stress, helping individuals cope with challenging situations.
• Certain Foods: The consumption of specific foods, such as spicy foods, chocolate, and even certain fruits and vegetables, can trigger the release of endorphins and elicit pleasurable sensations.

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Neurotransmitter Effects on Mood & Behaviour

4. Dopamine

• Dopamine is another neurotransmitter with a significant impact on mood and behaviour.
• It is associated with the brain's reward system and plays a crucial role in reinforcing specific behaviours.

5. Functions of Dopamine

• Feelings of Pleasure: Dopamine induces feelings of pleasure and reward. When individuals engage in activities that are beneficial to them, such as eating when hungry, dopamine is released, reinforcing that behaviour.
• Reward Pathway Activation: The reward pathway in the brain involves neurons that either secrete or respond to dopamine. This pathway is activated when an individual performs actions that lead to positive outcomes or rewards.

Summary