Differential Association/Subculturalist

Introduction:

• Within criminological theories examining environmental influences on crime, differential association and subculturalist concepts play a significant role in understanding criminal behaviour.

Differential Association/Subculturalist Theory:

• This theory posits that crime is learned through association with individuals involved in criminal activities. Certain forms of criminal behaviour may be perceived as acceptable within specific subcultures.

Key Components:

• Learning Criminal Behaviour: Criminal behaviour is acquired through interactions with individuals engaged in criminal activities. Socialisation within certain subcultures contributes to the acceptance and normalisation of criminal acts.
• Acceptance of Criminal Norms: Individuals are more likely to adopt these norms in environments where specific forms of criminal behaviour are deemed acceptable.

Supporting Evidence:

Crime Statistics:

• Recent crime statistics affirm the association between environmental factors and criminality. Higher rates of crime are observed in economically deprived areas, with individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds more inclined to engage in criminal activities.

Key Components:

The differential association/subculturalist theory highlights the importance of social interactions in shaping criminal behaviour. By addressing the underlying subcultural influences and promoting alternative norms, communities and policymakers can work towards reducing criminal tendencies. This theory provides a foundation for targeted interventions that aim to reshape social dynamics and discourage criminal behaviour acceptance within specific subcultures.