Explaining Health Inequalities-Gender

Gender Disparities in Health & Life Expectancy

Introduction:

Both men and women are experiencing increased life expectancy, but persistent gender disparities exist in morbidity and mortality.

Life Expectancy Gap:

• Average Difference: On average, women live at least four years longer than men.
• Causes of Death: Across almost all causes of death, statistics indicate worse outcomes for men compared to women.

Health Status Comparison:

• Limiting Illness: Men tend to have less limiting or non-limiting illnesses compared to women.
• Reporting Discrepancy: Evidence suggests that women may be more likely to report illness than men, potentially contributing to higher figures.

Closing Life Expectancy Gap:

• Recent Trends: Some recent evidence suggests a narrowing of the life expectancy gap.
• Mortality Rates: Male mortality rates, historically higher, have been decreasing at a faster rate, contributing to a reduced gap between male and female mortality.

Factors Influencing Men's Lower Life Expectancy:

• Risk-Taking Activities: Men's engagement in more risk-taking activities, including high-impact sports, contributes to their lower life expectancy.
• Healthcare Seeking Behaviour: Men are less likely to visit their GP for preventative care, leading to delayed or neglected health interventions.
• Lifestyle Choices: Men's propensity for poorer lifestyle choices, such as increased alcohol consumption, impacts their overall health.

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Explaining Health Inequalities-Gender

Factors Contributing to Women's Health Disparities:

• Poverty and Health Links: Women's increased risk of poverty is strongly linked to higher rates of ill health.
• Caring Responsibilities: Women's extended role in caring for children and elderly family members increases stress levels, affecting their health.
• Healthcare Utilisation: Women tend to visit their GP more regularly, reporting higher levels of illness. Prompt access to services contributes to better long-term health outcomes.
• Smoking Trends: While historically fewer women smoked than men, recent trends in Scotland show little difference in smoking rates.

Conclusion:

Addressing gender disparities in health requires tailored strategies that consider risk behaviours, healthcare-seeking patterns, and societal roles. Promoting preventive care, addressing risk factors, and tackling socio-economic determinants are essential components in achieving gender equity in health outcomes.