Potential Difference

Introduction

• The potential difference, often referred to as voltage, is a fundamental concept in electricity.
• It represents the energy transferred when a charged object is moved between two points in an electric field.

Work and Energy Transfer

• When a charged object is moved within an electric field, work is done.
• Work is a measure of the energy transferred during this process and is typically measured in joules (J).

Charge Measurement

• The charge of an object is measured in coulombs (C), named after the French physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb.

Defining Potential Difference

• If an object with a charge of one coulomb is moved between two points in an electric field, and the work done during this process is one joule, the potential difference between the two points is defined as one volt (V).

Mathematical Representation

• Potential difference can be calculated using the formula:
• V = W/Q
  • V represents the potential difference in volts (V).
  • W represents the work done in joules (J).
  • Q represents the charge on the object in coulombs (C).

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Potential Difference

Alternative Formulation

• In some contexts, potential difference is expressed in terms of energy (E):
  • V = E/Q
  • E represents the energy in joules (J).

Significance of Potential Difference

• Potential difference is a crucial concept in electrical circuits as it determines the flow of electric current.
• It is responsible for driving electrons through conductors, resulting in the generation of electrical power and the functioning of electronic devices.

Summary

• Potential difference, measured in volts, represents the energy transfer when a charged object is moved between two points in an electric field.
• It is calculated using the formula V = W/Q, where V is potential difference, W is work done, and Q is charge.
• Understanding potential difference is fundamental in the study of electricity and electronics, as it governs the behaviour of electric currents in circuits.