A. (i) Name one hot climate - Junior Cycle Geography - Question A - 2010

An example of a temperate climate is the Mediterranean climate, which features warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The average temperatures range from 10°C in winter to about 30°C in summer.

An example of a cold climate is the tundra climate, typically found in polar regions. This climate has extremely low temperatures, often below freezing, and limited precipitation, primarily falling as snow.

The Mediterranean climate is noted for its warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters. During summer, temperatures can soar to around 30°C, while winters are moderately cool, averaging about 10°C. Precipitation is unevenly distributed throughout the year, with most rainfall occurring in winter months, averaging between 400 to 800 mm annually.

Latitude significantly affects climate as it determines the angle of sunlight received at any given location. Areas closer to the equator (lower latitudes) receive direct sunlight year-round, leading to warmer temperatures. Conversely, locations closer to the poles (higher latitudes) receive sunlight at a lower angle, resulting in cooler temperatures.

Distance from seas and oceans influences climate due to the moderating effect of water bodies. Coastal areas experience milder temperatures, with cooler summers and warmer winters, compared to inland areas, which can experience more extreme temperature variations.

Altitude affects climate because temperature generally decreases with an increase in elevation. For every 1000 meters gain in altitude, the temperature typically drops by about 6.5°C. Consequently, mountainous regions can have colder climates compared to nearby lowlands, even at similar latitudes.