Causes of the French Revolution

The French Revolution was primarily driven by social inequality, economic hardship, and political discontent. The Estates-General system, which divided society into three estates—clergy, nobility, and commoners—created significant tension. The commoners, or the Third Estate, faced heavy taxation while enjoying little political power or representation.

Additionally, the influence of Enlightenment ideas led to growing demands for liberty, equality, and fraternity. Philosophers like Rousseau and Voltaire encouraged the questioning of traditional authority, inspiring the populace to challenge the monarchy.

Consequences of the French Revolution

The French Revolution had profound consequences. It led to the establishment of a republic and the abolition of the monarchy. Radical changes included the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which laid the foundation for modern human rights.

Moreover, the revolution sparked a wave of revolutionary movements across Europe and Latin America, inspiring similar struggles for freedom and equality. However, it also resulted in the Reign of Terror, a period marked by extreme violence and political purges, reflecting the tumultuous nature of revolutionary change.