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Topic 1 Rise of the Superpowers Write an account of one of the following crises and how it affected relations between USA and USSR: (a) Korean War, 1950-1953 - Junior Cycle History - Question 1 - 2005
Question 1
Topic 1 Rise of the Superpowers Write an account of one of the following crises and how it affected relations between USA and USSR: (a) Korean War, 1950-195... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Topic 1 Rise of the Superpowers Write an account of one of the following crises and how it affected relations between USA and USSR: (a) Korean War, 1950-1953 - Junior Cycle History - Question 1 - 2005
Step 1
Korean War, 1950-1953.
Answer
The Korean War, which lasted from 1950 to 1953, was a significant conflict that had profound effects on relations between the USA and the USSR. The war began when North Korea invaded South Korea on June 25, 1950, with the aim of reuniting the peninsula under communist rule. In response, the United States, under the auspices of the United Nations, intervened to support South Korea, while the USSR provided material support and guidance to North Korea.
The crisis intensified Cold War tensions as the conflict drew in another superpower. It represented a turning point, showcasing the extent to which both superpowers would go to assert their influence. The USA viewed its involvement as a necessary measure to contain communism, while the USSR saw it as an opportunity to expand communist influence in Asia.
The war ended in a stalemate, with the Korean Peninsula remaining divided at the 38th parallel, but it had lasting implications. The USA adopted a policy of containment aimed at preventing the spread of communism, leading to increased military spending and alliances with other nations. This heightened the sense of urgency in the USA, thereby affecting subsequent foreign policy decisions.
In conclusion, the Korean War not only solidified the division of Korea but also significantly solidified the adversarial relationship between the USA and USSR, influencing both superpowers' strategies in the Cold War era.
Step 2
The Cuban Missile Crisis.
Answer
The Cuban Missile Crisis, which occurred in October 1962, was a pivotal moment in Cold War relations between the USA and the USSR. It began when the United States discovered Soviet nuclear missile sites being constructed in Cuba, just 90 miles from Florida. This discovery led to a 13-day political and military standoff between the two superpowers.
The crisis was significant in demonstrating the high stakes of Cold War tensions. President John F. Kennedy's administration faced immense pressure, deciding between military action and diplomatic negotiation. Ultimately, Kennedy opted for a naval blockade, referred to as a "quarantine," to prevent further shipments of military supplies to Cuba. The response was firm, showcasing the USA's commitment to protecting its national interests.
The resolution of the crisis occurred when both superpowers reached a compromise: the USSR would dismantle the missile installations in Cuba in exchange for the USA's promise not to invade the island and the secret removal of American missiles from Turkey. The crisis had a lasting impact on US-Soviet relations, leading to increased communications and the establishment of a direct hotline between Washington and Moscow, aimed at preventing future misunderstandings.
In summary, the Cuban Missile Crisis highlighted the precarious nature of superpower relations during the Cold War and underscored the potential for direct conflict, ultimately leading to a more cautious approach in future engagements.