In the case of a named African or Asian country, write an account of the challenges it faced after achieving independence in the period after 1945. - Junior Cycle History - Question 3 - 2005

After achieving independence from British rule in 1947, India faced several significant challenges.

Political Challenges

The transition to a democratic system was fraught with difficulties. The country had to deal with communal tensions between Hindus and Muslims, which ultimately led to the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan. This partition resulted in massive violence and the displacement of millions. The challenge of maintaining unity in a diverse nation was critical for the newly formed government.

Economic Challenges

India’s economy was primarily agrarian and underdeveloped. The government faced the challenge of reducing poverty and improving infrastructure. The agrarian crisis, along with a lack of industrialization, posed obstacles to economic growth. In addition, the government had to manage resources efficiently while addressing the needs of a large population.

Social Challenges

Social inequalities persisted, with caste discrimination and gender inequalities being prevalent issues. The government had to implement reforms to promote social justice and ensure equal rights for all citizens. Education and literacy were also urgent issues that needed attention in post-independence India.

Foreign Relations

India adopted a policy of non-alignment during the Cold War, which posed the challenge of navigating complex international relations. The country had to manage its relationships with neighboring countries, particularly in the context of territorial disputes, such as the issues surrounding Kashmir.

Overall, post-independence India encountered multi-faceted challenges that required comprehensive and strategic approaches for development.