Describe how to investigate the pH of everyday substances e.g - Junior Cycle Science - Question c - 2007

To investigate the pH of everyday substances, follow these steps:

1. Preparation of the Sample: Pour a small amount of the liquid substance (e.g., lemon juice or vinegar) into a clean beaker. If testing a solid, mix it with distilled water to create a solution.

2. Using a pH Indicator: You can use either a pH indicator (universal indicator) or a pH meter. For the pH indicator, dip a pH strip into the solution after ensuring it is mixed well.

3. Reading the pH: If using a pH meter, immerse the probe into the solution, and wait for the display. If using indicator strips, compare the color change of the strip to a pH scale chart to determine the pH value.

4. Recording Results: Document the pH readings alongside the respective substances for analysis. Repeat the procedure for each substance you wish to test.

5. Ensuring Accuracy: It is crucial to calibrate the pH meter beforehand to ensure accurate readings, following manufacturer instructions. Also, conduct several trials for each substance to verify consistency in your results.

6. Safety Precautions: Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles when handling acidic or alkaline substances.