An atom of sodium has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23 - Junior Cycle Science - Question b - 2018
Question b
An atom of sodium has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23.
(i) How many protons does this atom contain?
(ii) How many neutrons does this atom contain? ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:An atom of sodium has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23 - Junior Cycle Science - Question b - 2018
Step 1
How many protons does this atom contain?
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Answer
Sodium has an atomic number of 11, which means it contains 11 protons.
Step 2
How many neutrons does this atom contain?
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Answer
To find the number of neutrons, we can use the formula:
extNumberofNeutrons=extMassNumber−extAtomicNumber
For sodium:
extNumberofNeutrons=23−11=12
Thus, sodium contains 12 neutrons.
Step 3
Complete the diagram below, drawing all the electrons on the Bohr structure for this sodium atom.
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Answer
The Bohr structure of a sodium atom includes:
2 electrons in the first shell
8 electrons in the second shell
1 electron in the third shell
This can be depicted as:
First shell: 2 (already drawn)
Second shell: 8 electrons
Third shell: 1 electron
Step 4
Name the Group of the Periodic Table to which sodium belongs.
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Answer
Sodium belongs to the alkali metals group in the Periodic Table.
Step 5
What type of bond does sodium form with chlorine?
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Answer
Sodium forms an ionic bond with chlorine.
Step 6
Why is sodium usually stored in a jar of oil, as shown in the photograph?
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Sodium is highly reactive, particularly with water and oxygen. Storing it in oil prevents it from coming into contact with moisture or air, reducing the risk of a chemical reaction.
Step 7
When sodium reacts with water, two products are formed. Name these two products.
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When sodium reacts with water, it produces sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H₂).
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