Over time a bacterial population can evolve - Junior Cycle Science - Question h - 2019
Question h
Over time a bacterial population can evolve. Outline the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Over time a bacterial population can evolve - Junior Cycle Science - Question h - 2019
Step 1
Genetic mutation
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Answer
Genetic mutations are changes in the DNA sequence of an organism. They are a primary source of variation within a population, providing the raw material for natural selection.
Step 2
Variation between members of a species
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Within a population of bacteria, there exists variation among individuals, particularly in their genetic traits. This variation is crucial as it allows for different traits to be selected or filtered through the process of natural selection.
Step 3
Overproduction
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Bacteria tend to reproduce rapidly, leading to a surplus of offspring that exceeds the environmental resources available. This overproduction results in competition for survival.
Step 4
Competition
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As organisms compete for limited resources, not all offspring will survive to adulthood. The struggle for resources creates a natural selection pressure on the population.
Step 5
Survival of the fittest
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The concept of 'survival of the fittest' implies that those individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing these beneficial traits to the next generation.
Step 6
Beneficial genes passed on to offspring
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Successful traits are inherited by the next generation, increasing the frequency of these beneficial genes in the population over time.
Step 7
New species formed / extinction
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Answer
Over long periods, the accumulation of these changes can lead to the emergence of new species as populations adapt to their environments. Conversely, species that cannot adapt may face extinction.
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