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Explain the term body condition score (BCS) - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question a - 2018
Question a
Explain the term body condition score (BCS). State the optimum BCS of a dairy cow at 1. Calving 2. Mating. Explain the possible consequences of an animal not being a... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain the term body condition score (BCS) - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question a - 2018
Step 1
Explain the term body condition score (BCS).
Answer
The Body Condition Score (BCS) is a system used to assess the level of fat reserves in an animal's body, specifically indicating the lean-to-fat ratio. This scoring helps determine nutritional status and overall health, with a scale typically ranging from 1 (emaciated) to 5 (obese).
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Step 4
Explain the possible consequences of an animal not being at the optimum BCS at these times.
Answer
If a dairy cow is below the optimum BCS at calving, it may experience metabolic diseases or reduced milk yield. At mating, a low BCS can lead to irregular heat patterns, poor conception rates, and metabolic disorders.
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Step 7
Describe a preventative measure for each example.
Answer
For Brucellosis, a preventive measure is regular vaccination and hygiene practices. For Mastitis, effective milking techniques and regular checks for infection are essential. For Milk Fever, administering calcium supplements around calving can help. For Grass Tetany, ensuring access to magnesium supplements can prevent this condition.
Step 8
Describe the changes in the diet of a beef calf, from birth to weaning.
Answer
A beef calf's diet evolves significantly from birth to weaning. Initially, they consume colostrum, which is rich in antibodies, followed by milk or milk replacer. As they mature, their diet gradually includes concentrates and hay or grass. By weaning, they should be fully transitioned to solid feed.
Step 9
Explain how these changes affect the development of the ruminant stomach.
Answer
These dietary changes are crucial for developing the ruminant stomach. Colostrum and milk help establish gut flora, supporting immune functions. As roughage and concentrates are introduced, the rumen develops, allowing for proper fermentation processes and enabling the calf to digest fibrous materials efficiently.