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Outline the precautions taken to reduce calf deaths at calving time on a dairy farm - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question (c) - 2016
Question (c)
Outline the precautions taken to reduce calf deaths at calving time on a dairy farm. Give two reasons why colostrum is fed to newly born calves. Describe two manag... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Outline the precautions taken to reduce calf deaths at calving time on a dairy farm - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question (c) - 2016
Step 1
Outline the precautions taken to reduce calf deaths at calving time on a dairy farm.
Answer
To minimize calf mortality at calving time, several precautions can be implemented:
- Good hygiene: Maintaining a clean environment is critical to prevent infections.
- Supervision: Providing adequate supervision during calving ensures that assistance is available if complications arise.
- Isolation: Isolating the cow in a calving box can reduce stress and minimize exposure to diseases.
- Nutrition management: Reducing the level of meal feeding in the final week of pregnancy can lower the risks associated with overfeeding.
- Preparation: Ensuring that proper equipment is available and in good condition for calving.
- Colostrum provision: Ensuring that calves receive colostrum to boost their immunity.
- Monitoring needs: Routine checks for any signs of distress in the cow can help preemptively address issues.
Step 2
Give two reasons why colostrum is fed to newly born calves.
Answer
Colostrum is fed to newly born calves for important reasons:
- Rich in antibodies: Colostrum provides essential antibodies that help protect calves from diseases until their immune systems are fully developed.
- Nutrient-rich: It is also high in nutrients and energy, which is vital for the calf's early growth and overall health.
Step 3
Describe two management practices which would result in the production of clean milk in the milking parlour.
Answer
To ensure the production of clean milk in the milking parlour, the following management practices should be undertaken:
- Clean holding area: Regular cleaning of the milking area and milking equipment to prevent contamination.
- Equipment hygiene: Utilization of proper washing techniques for equipment like the milk tank and ensuring that the holding tank is cooled to below 4°C to maintain milk quality.
Step 4
Give three reasons for culling cows from the herd.
Answer
Culling is necessary for herd management and can be justified for several reasons:
- Old age: Culling older cows that are less productive helps in maintaining efficiency.
- Poor health: Culling cows with chronic health issues or symptoms of disease improves herd health overall.
- Low milk yields: Removing cows that consistently produce low milk yields helps enhance productivity and profitability.