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The calving records on a dairy farm in one year show: 30% purbred Friesian calves born, 55% Continental X Friesian and 15% Aberdeen Angus X Friesian - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 3 - 2010
Question 3
The calving records on a dairy farm in one year show: 30% purbred Friesian calves born, 55% Continental X Friesian and 15% Aberdeen Angus X Friesian. The farmer reli... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The calving records on a dairy farm in one year show: 30% purbred Friesian calves born, 55% Continental X Friesian and 15% Aberdeen Angus X Friesian - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 3 - 2010
Step 1
Why was the Friesian breed used and on which of his cows?
Answer
The Friesian breed was chosen because it is considered one of the best dual-purpose breeds, known for high milk production and good meat quality. The farmer likely used this breed for his dairy cows to optimize milk yields while also benefiting from their meat characteristics.
Step 2
Why are continental sires used for most inseminations?
Answer
Continental sires are typically chosen for their ability to produce beef calves that have better growth rates and meat quality than traditional dairy breeds. Their genetics often improve beef production traits, making them preferable for the farmer's herd.
Step 3
Step 4
What is his replacement rate for culled cows?
Answer
The replacement rate for culled cows typically refers to the proportion of cows that are replaced in the herd each year. The farmer needs to maintain a stable herd size by using replacements, which he breeds himself, ensuring that there is a continuous supply of productive animals.
Step 5
Describe the physiological processes involved in the let-down of milk in farm animals.
Answer
The let-down of milk involves several physiological processes: when a calf suckles or when a milker rubs the udder with a warm, wet cloth, sensory nerves send signals to the brain. This stimulation triggers the release of oxytocin from the pituitary gland, which causes the contraction of myoepithelial cells around the milk alveoli, facilitating the release of milk into the mammary ducts.
Step 6
Suggest four reasons why dairies will not accept milk from cows that have been recently treated for mastitis.
Answer
Antibiotic residues may be present in the milk, which pose a risk to consumer health. 2. Cows may have a high somatic cell count, indicating ongoing infection, which affects milk quality. 3. There could be a risk of bacterial resistance development due to antibiotic usage, impacting public health. 4. The overall quality control processes in dairies can be compromised by such milk, leading to rejection.