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Describe the management of dairy calves under the following headings - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question c - 2018
Question c
Describe the management of dairy calves under the following headings. (i) Care at birth (ii) Housing (iii) Disease prevention (iv) Introducing hay into their diet (... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Describe the management of dairy calves under the following headings - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question c - 2018
Step 1
Care at birth
Answer
At birth, calves require immediate attention to ensure they are breathing properly. It's essential to clear any mucus from the nasal area and ensure the calf can breathe freely. After this, it is crucial to check the navel area for cleanliness, applying iodine to prevent infection. Colostrum should be provided within the first few hours, promoting immunity. Keeping the calf warm is important; use clean bedding and ensure they are dry. Regular vaccinations should also be scheduled.
Step 2
Housing
Answer
Housing for dairy calves should provide adequate ventilation and hygiene. Using straw for bedding can help maintain comfort and absorb moisture. The environment should be draught-free and large enough to allow calves to move freely. Regular cleaning with disinfectants will help reduce disease risk, and ensuring ample space and good hygiene practices will contribute to their overall health.
Step 3
Disease prevention
Answer
To prevent diseases, isolation of sick calves is key. Ensure that housing facilities are disinfected routinely and maintain proper hygiene standards. Calves should be vaccinated according to a health program, and any equipment used for feeding should be kept clean. Disposable gloves should be used, and boots should be disinfected before handling calves.
Step 4
Introducing hay into their diet
Answer
Introduce hay into the calves' diet around 7 to 10 days after birth. This addition aids in developing rumen function and introduces fiber. It's important to provide hay that is free from mold and contaminants. Hay should be offered gradually as the calf moves towards weaning.
Step 5
Use of milk replacer
Answer
When using a milk replacer, ensure it is mixed correctly with water at the right temperature. The replacer should contain a balanced mix of nutrients, similar to whole milk, and be fed gradually to develop the calf's digestive system. Proper measuring and feeding techniques are vital to avoid under or overfeeding.