Write a note on each of the following practices carried out in sheep production: (i) Tail docking (ii) Shearing (iii) Raddling a ram (iv) Dipping (v) Walking the flock through a footbath - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question a) - 2011

Shearing involves removing the fleece from sheep. Keeping the fleece clean and healthy minimizes the risk of maggot infestation and flystrike. Moreover, it improves overall animal welfare by ensuring the sheep remains comfortable during warmer months, and it enables the sale of wool.

Raddling a ram refers to attaching harnesses that contain colored dye to a ram's chest, enabling marking of ewes during the mating season. The colored marks on the ewes allow farmers to identify which ewes have been bred and also help in predicting lambing times.

Dipping sheep involves immersing them in a solution that protects against external parasites and diseases. It is usually conducted in tanks for a specified period and is most effective when conducted before the lambing season to minimize health risks.

Walking the flock through a footbath is a preventative measure against foot rot and other hoof-related diseases. The disinfectant solution helps eliminate bacteria and fungi, maintaining the overall health of the flock and preventing the spread of infection.

An isolation pen is used to house sick animals separately to prevent the spread of disease to healthy animals. This area is crucial for monitoring and treating ill animals while minimizing the risk of infecting others.

Infrared lamps are used to provide warmth to newborn lambs or piglets, especially in cold conditions. This helps maintain their body temperature and prevents hypothermia, ensuring they are healthier and more likely to thrive.

A creep feeder allows young animals, such as lambs, access to special food while keeping adult animals out. This practice ensures that the younger animals receive adequate nutrition to support their growth and development.

A crush is a device used for handling livestock safely during veterinary treatments or inspections. It restricts the movement of the animal, allowing for easier handling and minimizing stress on both the animal and the farmer.

A farrowing crate is designed to house sows during the farrowing process. It restricts the movement of the sow to prevent crushing of piglets while allowing enough space for her to nurse them, thus ensuring better survival rates for the young.