a) (i) Explain the term body condition score (BCS) - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question a - 2018
Question a
a) (i) Explain the term body condition score (BCS).
(ii) State the optimum BCS of a dairy cow at
1. Calving
2. Mating
(iii) Explain the possible consequences of an... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:a) (i) Explain the term body condition score (BCS) - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question a - 2018
Step 1
Explain the term body condition score (BCS)
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Answer
The body condition score (BCS) is a method of assessing the level of fat reserves in an animal's body. It provides an indicator of the animal's energy and nutritional status, represented as a score on a scale. It helps in monitoring health and reproductive performance.
Step 2
State the optimum BCS of a dairy cow at Calving
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Answer
The optimum BCS of a dairy cow at calving is between 3.0 and 3.5.
Step 3
State the optimum BCS of a dairy cow at Mating
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The optimum BCS of a dairy cow at mating is between 2.5 and 3.0.
Step 4
Explain the possible consequences of an animal not being at the optimum BCS at these times
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If a dairy cow is not at the optimum BCS at calving, this may lead to a small calf or reduced milk yield, as well as metabolic diseases. If the BCS is low at mating, it can result in calving difficulties, irregular heat patterns, poor conception rates, or other metabolic diseases.
Step 5
Give two examples of bacterial diseases that can affect dairy cows
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Answer
Mastitis
Johne's Disease
Step 6
Give two examples of deficiency disorders that can affect dairy cows
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Milk fever
Grass tetany
Step 7
Describe a preventative measure for Mastitis
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Answer
Preventative measures include maintaining good hygiene practices and performing regular checks on udder health.
Step 8
Describe a preventative measure for Johne's Disease
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A preventative measure is to cull any infected animals and ensure proper biosecurity for the herd.
Step 9
Describe the changes in the diet of a beef calf, from birth to weaning
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At birth, a beef calf primarily consumes colostrum, which is crucial for immunity. As it grows, it gradually transitions to a diet that includes milk replacers, concentrates, and eventually hay or grass.
Step 10
Explain how these changes affect the development of the ruminant stomach
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The early intake of colostrum is vital for health, while transitioning to solid feeds enhances the development of the rumen. This process helps in establishing a diverse rumen flora and prepares the calf for efficient nutrient absorption in the future.
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