Photo AI
The calving records on a dairy farm in one year show: 30% purebred Friesian calves born, 55% Continental X Friesian and 15% Aberdeen Angus X Friesian - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 3 - 2010
Question 3
The calving records on a dairy farm in one year show: 30% purebred Friesian calves born, 55% Continental X Friesian and 15% Aberdeen Angus X Friesian. The farmer rel... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The calving records on a dairy farm in one year show: 30% purebred Friesian calves born, 55% Continental X Friesian and 15% Aberdeen Angus X Friesian - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 3 - 2010
Step 1
Why was the Friesian breed used and on which of his cows?
Answer
The Friesian breed was chosen for its dual-purpose nature, being an excellent dairy breed known for high milk production. The farmer likely used Friesians on his top milkers to maximize milk yield, ensuring efficient dairy operations.
Step 2
Why are continental sires used for most inseminations?
Answer
Continental sires are preferred for their beef characteristics, such as better muscle development and higher quality carcass traits. This allows the farmer to produce calves that are ideal for beef production, enhancing the overall profitability of his cattle operations.
Step 3
Step 4
What is his replacement rate for culled cows?
Answer
The typical replacement rate for culled cows is around 15% to 20%. This rate ensures that the dairy operation maintains a steady influx of productive cows while also accounting for culling practices based on milk yield and overall herd health.
Step 5
Describe the physiological processes involved in the let-down of milk in farm animals.
Answer
The let-down of milk occurs when a cow is relaxed, often aided by stimuli such as the presence of the calf or the action of a milker. Warmth and gentle rubbing around the udder stimulate nerve endings that send signals to the brain. In response, the brain releases oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland into the bloodstream. Oxytocin causes the muscles around the alveoli in the udder to contract, resulting in the release of milk into the teats for milking.
Step 6
Suggest four reasons why dairies will not accept milk from cows that have been recently treated for mastitis.
Answer
- Antibiotic Residues: When cows are treated for mastitis with antibiotics, these substances can remain in the milk, posing a health risk to consumers if ingested.
- Quality Control: Milk from treated cows may have higher somatic cell counts due to infection, which affects its quality and marketability.
- Processing Concerns: Antibiotic contamination can disrupt processes in dairy plants, affecting the production of dairy products and potentially leading to financial losses.
- Consumer Safety: There are stringent regulations against antibiotic residues in milk, and any violations can lead to significant penalties and loss of trust from consumers.