a) Explain the following terms, as used in genetics:
(i) gene,
(ii) incomplete dominance,
(iii) clone - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question Question 5 - 2007
Question Question 5
a) Explain the following terms, as used in genetics:
(i) gene,
(ii) incomplete dominance,
(iii) clone.
b) This is an image of a chromosome.
(i) Where in... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:a) Explain the following terms, as used in genetics:
(i) gene,
(ii) incomplete dominance,
(iii) clone - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question Question 5 - 2007
Step 1
Explain the following terms, as used in genetics: (i) gene
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Answer
A gene is defined as a unit of inheritance that controls a trait or characteristic in an organism. It can also be described as a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for making proteins or influencing phenotype.
Step 2
Explain the following terms, as used in genetics: (ii) incomplete dominance
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Answer
Incomplete dominance occurs when neither allele of a gene is completely dominant over the other, resulting in a phenotype that is a blend of both parental traits. For example, crossing a red flower and a white flower may yield pink flowers.
Step 3
Explain the following terms, as used in genetics: (iii) clone
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A clone refers to an organism or cell that is genetically identical to another organism or cell, meaning both have the same genotype. Cloning can occur naturally, such as in asexual reproduction, or artificially through methods such as somatic cell nuclear transfer.
Step 4
b) (i) Where in a cell would you find a chromosome?
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Answer
Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of a cell.
Step 5
b) (ii) How many chromosomes are there in a gamete of a pig?
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In a gamete of a pig, there are 19 chromosomes, as gametes are haploid and contain half the number of chromosomes found in somatic (body) cells.
Step 6
b) (iii) Explain the underlined term.
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Answer
Progeny testing is a method used to evaluate the genetic quality of animals by testing the offspring of a selected parent. This helps to determine the genetic traits passed on to subsequent generations.
Step 7
c) (i) A pure breeding plant with yellow petals was crossed with a plant with purple petals.
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Answer
The genotypes of the parents (YY) X (yy)
The gametes produced by each parent (Y) X (y)
The genotype of the offspring (F1) (Yy)
The phenotype of the offspring Yellow
Step 8
c) (ii) The offspring of the above cross were crossed with plants with purple petals.
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Answer
The genotypes of the second generation parents (Yy) X (yy)
The gametes produced by each parent (Y, y) X (y, y)
The phenotypes of the offspring Yellow, Purple
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