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Describe how each of the following factors influences the production of a grazed sward: (i) Soil type (ii) Management practices (iii) Season. - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question c - 2006
Question c
Describe how each of the following factors influences the production of a grazed sward: (i) Soil type (ii) Management practices (iii) Season.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Describe how each of the following factors influences the production of a grazed sward: (i) Soil type (ii) Management practices (iii) Season. - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question c - 2006
Step 1
(i) Soil type
Answer
The type of soil plays a crucial role in the production of a grazed sward due to its impact on several factors. Different soil types affect:
- Drainage: Sandy soils typically have good drainage, preventing waterlogging, while clay soils can retain moisture but may lead to poor aeration.
- Aeration: Well-aerated soils allow for healthier root growth and better overall plant health.
- Fertility: Soils rich in organic matter tend to have higher fertility, offering essential nutrients to the sward. Soil tests can help determine nutrient levels and inform fertilization strategies.
- Temperature: The heat retention of soil affects plant growth rates; darker soils absorb more heat.
- pH Levels: The acidity or alkalinity of the soil influences nutrient availability. Certain grasses thrive in specific pH ranges.
Step 2
(ii) Management practices
Answer
Management practices are integral to optimizing the production of a grazed sward. Key practices include:
- Grazing System: The method of grazing (e.g., rotational vs. continuous) affects grass recovery and health.
- Fertilizing: Timely application of fertilizers enhances nutrient availability and promotes growth.
- Weed Control: Effective management of weeds prevents competition for nutrients and light, ensuring that the sward remains vigorous.
- Drainage: Proper drainage practices can improve soil health and prevent waterlogging, enhancing sward production.
- Pest Control: Monitoring and managing pest populations protect the sward from damage.
- Topping/Re-seeding: Regular topping helps control the height of the sward, encouraging new growth, while re-seeding can introduce desirable species and enhance diversity.
Step 3
(iii) Season
Answer
Seasonal variations have a significant impact on the growth and productivity of a grazed sward. Factors to consider include:
- Day Length: Longer days during spring and summer promote photosynthesis, leading to increased grass growth.
- Light Intensity: Higher light intensity supports robust growth; shaded areas will have diminished production.
- Temperature: Warm temperatures generally enhance growth, while extreme cold can stunt development.
- Amount of Rainfall: Sufficient rainfall is essential for healthy grass growth, whereas drought conditions can lead to reduced sward productivity. Seasonal rainfall patterns influence not only growth rates but also the timing of agricultural practices.