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6. (a) (i) Describe any two commonly used methods of reseeding grassland - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 6 - 2018
Question 6
6. (a) (i) Describe any two commonly used methods of reseeding grassland. (ii) Explain the term establishment in the context of newly-sown grass. (iii) Describe t... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:6. (a) (i) Describe any two commonly used methods of reseeding grassland - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 6 - 2018
Step 1
Describe any two commonly used methods of reseeding grassland.
Answer
Two commonly used methods for reseeding grassland are:
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Direct Sowing: This method involves using a total herbicide to kill the existing vegetation and then ploughing or tilling the land. Grass seeds are then either sown by drill or broadcasted onto the prepared seedbed.
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Under sowing: This practice involves sowing grass seeds alongside a nurse crop. This method helps in the establishment of grass by allowing the nurse crop to provide shelter and protection for young grass seedlings until they are established.
Step 2
Explain the term establishment in the context of newly-sown grass.
Answer
Establishment refers to the successful growth and development of grass plants from the time of sowing until they are mature enough to withstand environmental stresses. This includes the germination of seeds, the development of a robust root system, and the formation of a healthy canopy. Successful establishment ensures that grass can compete with weeds and cope with grazing pressure.
Step 3
Describe two practices that contribute to successful establishment.
Answer
Two practices that contribute to successful establishment are:
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Soil Preparation: Proper preparation of the soil, such as tilling, is essential. It improves seed-to-soil contact, promoting better anchorage and enhancing moisture retention.
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Weed Control: Implementing effective weed management practices helps reduce competition for resources such as light, nutrients, and water. This can include using herbicides or manual removal to ensure young grasses can grow unimpeded.
Step 4
Compare features of perennial ryegrass and Italian ryegrass that contribute to their productivity.
Answer
The productivity features can be compared as follows:
- Tillering Rate: Perennial Ryegrass (PRG) tends to produce tillers more vigorously compared to Italian Ryegrass (IRG).
- Aggressiveness: PRG is generally more aggressive in growth, while IRG is less aggressive.
- Growth Duration: PRG has a longer growing season, enabling it to remain productive for a extended period, whereas IRG matures faster, providing quicker yields.
Step 5
Explain the term hybrid grasses and suggest why they might be used.
Answer
Hybrid grasses are the result of cross-breeding different species of grasses, combining desirable traits from both parents. They are often used for improved resilience, productivity, and adaptability to various environmental conditions. These grasses can provide a better quality forage, enhancing overall pasture productivity.
Step 6
Explain how improved grassland management may prevent this happening.
Answer
Improved grassland management practices include rotational grazing, maintaining appropriate sward heights, and employing supervised grazing to avoid overgrazing. These practices enhance pasture health, reduce stress on the grassland ecosystem, and limit the impact of parasites by interrupting their life cycles. Adequate drainage and maintaining soil health also contribute to reducing parasite populations.
Step 7
Name two such parasites.
Answer
Two parasites that may affect cattle are:
- Liver Fluke: This parasite affects the liver of cattle, leading to significant health issues and reduced productivity.
- Stomach Worms: These internal parasites can cause gastrointestinal problems and malnutrition in affected cattle.