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Give a scientific explanation for any four of the following: (a) The action of yeast in brewing and baking - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 9 - 2011
Question 9
Give a scientific explanation for any four of the following: (a) The action of yeast in brewing and baking. (b) Progeny testing of A.I. bulls. (c) The use of syst... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Give a scientific explanation for any four of the following: (a) The action of yeast in brewing and baking - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 9 - 2011
Step 1
The action of yeast in brewing and baking.
Answer
Yeast plays a crucial role in the processes of brewing and baking through the process of fermentation. In brewing, yeast converts sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide via anaerobic respiration. The general reaction can be summarized as follows:
ightarrow 2C_2H_5OH + 2CO_2$$ In baking, the carbon dioxide produced by the yeast causes the dough to rise, creating air pockets that lead to a fluffy texture in the bread.Step 2
Progeny testing of A.I. bulls.
Answer
Progeny testing of Artificial Insemination (A.I.) bulls is a method used to evaluate the genetic quality and breeding potential of sires. This is achieved by comparing the performance of the progency of A.I. bulls under similar management conditions. The data collected typically includes measures such as growth rates and feed conversion ratios (FCR). Statistical analyses allow for the prediction of the sire’s genetic contribution, which can assist in making informed breeding decisions.
Step 3
The use of systemic chemicals to control aphids.
Answer
Systemic chemicals are applied to plants and are absorbed through their stomata or vascular systems (xylem and phloem). This allows the active ingredients to circulate throughout the plant, providing effective control against pests like aphids. When aphids feed on the treated plants, they consume the toxic chemicals, leading to mortality. This method is advantageous over contact insecticides as it offers longer-lasting protection and can target hidden pests.
Step 4
Trace element deficiencies in crop production.
Answer
Trace element deficiencies in crop production often result from poor soil management practices, like over-cultivation or inadequate soil amendment. Essential trace elements (e.g., zinc, iron, or manganese) may be depleted from soils due to poor drainage or improper pH levels. The lack of these micronutrients can lead to poor plant health, reduced crop yields, and overall decreased productivity. Addressing these deficiencies involves soil testing, proper fertilization, and crop rotation strategies.
Step 5
The fact that the creep area for bonhams is kept at a higher temperature than the rest of the farrowing house.
Answer
The creep area for bonhams is maintained at a higher temperature (typically around 30°C) compared to the rest of the farrowing house (around 20°C) to enhance the survival and growth of piglets. This controlled environment helps prevent hypothermia in young bonhams, who are more vulnerable to cold. The warmth facilitates better feed intake and digestion, ultimately leading to healthier and faster-growing piglets.